یکی از مهمترین و اساسی ترین قطعات هر وسیلهی الکترونیکی آن بدون شک motherboard یا mainboard میباشد و همونطور که از اسمش پیداست یک برد الکترونیکی هست که از مهمترین قطعه کامپیوتر به شمار میره . قطعات کامپیوتر نظیر پردازنده (CPU)، رم(RAM) ، کارت گرافیک(GPU) روی مادربرد قرار میگیرن . بعضی از قطعات هم مثل هارد دیسک با کابل به اون متصل هستن . وظیفه مادربرد ایجاد ارتباط و هماهنگی بین اجزای کامپیوتره . مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ رو میتونیم به قلب یک موجود زنده تشبیه کنیم.
بخش های اصلی مادربرد
مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ از اجزای ریز و درشت بسیار زیادی تشکیل شدن که شاید در تخصص ماهم نباشد یک به یک آنها را به اسم و به نام بیان کنیم اما میتوانیم مهمترین اونها شامل موارد زیر میشن و در حوصلهی مخاطب نیز هست را بیان کنیم :
چیپست(chipset)
مهمترین بخش مادربرد چیپست اونه . سی پی یو به تنهایی نمیتونه تمام پردازش های سیستم رو انجام بده. برای همین از چیپست در مادربرد استفاده میشه . در واقع وظیفه چیپست هماهنگی انتقال و پردازش داده ها با سی پی یو هست. قبلا در مادربرد ها از دو نوع چیپست پل شمالی و پل جنوبی استفاده میشد. اما در مادربرد های جدید چیپست پل شمالی رو حذف کردن و بجاش این چیپست رو در سی پی یو کارگذاشتن. نوع چیپست مشخص میکنه که مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپتاپ از چه سری پردازنده و از چه نوع حافظه ای پشتیبانی کنه. مادربرد ها دو نوع چیپست دارن.1-چیپست های Intel مثل Z370 ، B360 ،H310 که از پردازنده های اینتل پشتبانی میکنند . 2-چیپست های AMD مثل X370 ، B350 ، A320 که از پردازنده های ای ام دی پشتیبانی میکنند.
سوکت سی پی یو در مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ
سوکت سی پی یو محل اتصال سی پی یو هست که از تعداد زیادی پین فلزی ایجاد شده. نامگذاری سوکت های اینتل بر اساس تعداد پین های اون انجام میشه یعنی سوکت 775 اینتل 775 پین برای اتصال پردازنده داره.سوکت ها انواع متفاوتی دارن و هر پردازنده رو فقط میتوینیم روی سوکت مخصوص خودش سوار کنیم. برای مثال پردازنده های اینتل نسل 7 با سوکت 1151 سازگاری دارن.
اسلات رم
اسلات های رم محل اتصال رم روی motherboard هستن. مادربرد ها بسته به مدلشون تعداد اسلات های رم متفاوتی دارن اما عموما 2 یا 4 عدد اسلات رم دارن که اجازهی ارتقای سیستم رو به کاربر میدن و بر اساس نیاز یوزر میتونه به راحتی و با توجه به بودجهی خودش سیستم رو ارتقا بده البته فراموش نشه که اسلاتها بیشتر در سیستمهای خانگی وجود داره و در لپ تاپ شما زیاد قادر به اضافه کردن و یا کم کردن رم نیستید. اسلات ها از نظر نوع رم که پشتیبانی میکنن متفاوتن. برا مثال رم DDR3 رو نمیتونیم به اسلات DDR4 متصل کنیم. اگر به رنگ سوکت های رم در مادربرد های که 4 اسلات دارند دقت کنید متوجه میشید که دو رنگ متفاوت دارند. رنگ این سوکت ها به این دلیل متمایز شده تا اگر قصد استفاده از 2عدد رم رو داشتیم رم ها رو در اسلات های هم رنگ قرار بدیم. با این کار اتصال رم ها دو کاناله میشه و سرعت اون بالاتر میره.
اسلات های PCI Express
اسلات های PCIe بر اساس خطوط ارتباطی تفکیک میشن و شامل x1 و x4 و x8 و x16 میشه.این اسلاتها که بسیار مهم هستند رو حتما بشناسید بطور مثال اسلات PCIe X16 برای اتصال کارت های گرافیک به کار میره. از طریق این اسلات ها میتونیم قطعاتی مثل کارت شبکه ، حافظه اس اس دی M2 ،مودم اینترنال و… رو به مادربرد وصل کنیم.
پورت ها و کانکتورهای ورودی و خروجی مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ
- VGA
- HDMI
- LAN
- USB
- PS2
- ATX
- SATA
پورت های VGA و HDMI خروجی تصویر هستن. پورت LAN برای اتصال به شبکه استفاده میشه. پورت PS2 ماوس و کیبورد رو به مادربرد متصل میکنه. پورت USB کاربرد های زیادی داره وجدیدترین نوع اون USB 3.1 و USB type C هستن.
کانکتور SATA هارد دیسک رو متصل میکنه . از طریق کانکتور ATX برق از منبع تغذیه(پاور) به مادربرد وصل میشه.
مادربرد لپ تاپ
لپتاپ ها به دلیل محدودیت فضا مادربردهای کوچکتری دارند. آی سی ها و چیپ ها در دوطرف مادربرد قرار دارند و سی پی یو متصل به مادربرد است. به همین دلیل ارتقا دادن لپتاپ کار دشواری است. قطعات عموما بصورت smd در لپ تاپها هستند و اجازهی مانور و در اصطلاح ارتقا را به یوزر نمیدن و نهایت یک کاربر عادی بتونه هارد لپ تاپشو ارتقا بده. تمام اجزایی که در این مقاله اشاره شد در mainboard لپ تاپ نیز هست اما یوزر عادی نمیتونه به اونها دسترسی داشته باشه و ظرفیتهاشو تغییر بده.
شرکت های سازنده مادربرد
شرکت های مختلفی در این زمینه فعالیت میکنن. اما مهمترین اونها که محصولات متنوعی در بازار ایران دارن ایسوس(ASUS) ، گیگابایت (GIGABYTE)و ام اس آی (msi) هستن.
معمولا محصولات msi از کیفیت ساخت بالاتری برخوردارن.
در پایان این مقالهی کاربردی اگر در انتخاب کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ مورد نظر اطلاعات بیشتری میخوایید روی دکمهی زیر کلیک کنید و یا اینکه در کامنتهای همین بخش سوالات خودتونو مطرح کنید.
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۱۹۵ دیدگاه برای “سیر تا پیاز مادربرد کامپیوتر و لپ تاپ – تمام اجزای مادربرد رابشناسید”
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